See skulan in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "sċulan"
},
"expansion": "Old English: sċulan, sċeolan\nMiddle English: schulen\nEnglish: shall, should\nScots: sall, suld (modern shall, should are influenced by English)\nYola: shell, shall, shul",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: sċulan, sċeolan\nMiddle English: schulen\nEnglish: shall, should\nScots: sall, suld (modern shall, should are influenced by English)\nYola: shell, shall, shul"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "skela",
"3": "skila"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: skela, skila",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: skela, skila"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "skälle"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: skälle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: skälle"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "sille"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: sille",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: sille"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "skulan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: skulan\nMiddle Low German: schȫlen, schöllen, schullen, sȫlen, scölen\nLow German: schölen, sölen, schüllen, schöllen\nGerman Low German: schölen, sölen, sallen",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: skulan\nMiddle Low German: schȫlen, schöllen, schullen, sȫlen, scölen\nLow German: schölen, sölen, schüllen, schöllen\nGerman Low German: schölen, sölen, sallen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "sulan"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: sulan\nMiddle Dutch: sullen\nDutch: zullen\nAfrikaans: sal\nJersey Dutch: zal\nNegerhollands: sa, sal\nSkepi Creole Dutch: sa\nLimburgish: zölle, zólle",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: sulan\nMiddle Dutch: sullen\nDutch: zullen\nAfrikaans: sal\nJersey Dutch: zal\nNegerhollands: sa, sal\nSkepi Creole Dutch: sa\nLimburgish: zölle, zólle"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "skulan",
"3": "sulan",
"4": "scolan"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: skulan, sulan, scolan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: skulan, sulan, scolan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "süln",
"3": "suln",
"4": "scholen",
"5": "schulen",
"6": "sollen",
"7": "saln",
"8": "soln"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: süln, suln, scholen, schulen, sollen, saln, soln",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: süln, suln, scholen, schulen, sollen, saln, soln"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gsw",
"2": "solle"
},
"expansion": "Alemannic German: solle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Alemannic German: solle"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bar",
"2": "soin",
"3": "solln"
},
"expansion": "Bavarian: soin, solln",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bavarian: soin, solln"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-cfr",
"2": "solle"
},
"expansion": "Central Franconian: solle\nHunsrik: solle\nLuxembourgish: sollen",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Central Franconian: solle\nHunsrik: solle\nLuxembourgish: sollen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "sollen"
},
"expansion": "German: sollen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: sollen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-rfr",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Rhine Franconian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Rhine Franconian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pdc",
"2": "solle"
},
"expansion": "Pennsylvania German: solle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pennsylvania German: solle"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "זאָלן"
},
"expansion": "Yiddish: זאָלן (zoln)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yiddish: זאָלן (zoln)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*skulaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *skulaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *skulaną. The change of sk to s observed in many languages is probably attributable to the word’s common appearance in unstressed position.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*skulan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/skulan",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to owe, to be obliged"
],
"id": "en-skulan-gmw-pro-verb-UoIWV6lJ",
"links": [
[
"owe",
"owe"
],
[
"oblige",
"oblige"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Elmar Seebold",
"Etymological Dictionary of the German Language",
"de:Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache"
]
}
],
"word": "skulan"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "sċulan"
},
"expansion": "Old English: sċulan, sċeolan\nMiddle English: schulen\nEnglish: shall, should\nScots: sall, suld (modern shall, should are influenced by English)\nYola: shell, shall, shul",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: sċulan, sċeolan\nMiddle English: schulen\nEnglish: shall, should\nScots: sall, suld (modern shall, should are influenced by English)\nYola: shell, shall, shul"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "skela",
"3": "skila"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: skela, skila",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: skela, skila"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "skälle"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: skälle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: skälle"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "sille"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: sille",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: sille"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "skulan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: skulan\nMiddle Low German: schȫlen, schöllen, schullen, sȫlen, scölen\nLow German: schölen, sölen, schüllen, schöllen\nGerman Low German: schölen, sölen, sallen",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: skulan\nMiddle Low German: schȫlen, schöllen, schullen, sȫlen, scölen\nLow German: schölen, sölen, schüllen, schöllen\nGerman Low German: schölen, sölen, sallen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "sulan"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: sulan\nMiddle Dutch: sullen\nDutch: zullen\nAfrikaans: sal\nJersey Dutch: zal\nNegerhollands: sa, sal\nSkepi Creole Dutch: sa\nLimburgish: zölle, zólle",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: sulan\nMiddle Dutch: sullen\nDutch: zullen\nAfrikaans: sal\nJersey Dutch: zal\nNegerhollands: sa, sal\nSkepi Creole Dutch: sa\nLimburgish: zölle, zólle"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "skulan",
"3": "sulan",
"4": "scolan"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: skulan, sulan, scolan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: skulan, sulan, scolan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "süln",
"3": "suln",
"4": "scholen",
"5": "schulen",
"6": "sollen",
"7": "saln",
"8": "soln"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: süln, suln, scholen, schulen, sollen, saln, soln",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: süln, suln, scholen, schulen, sollen, saln, soln"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gsw",
"2": "solle"
},
"expansion": "Alemannic German: solle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Alemannic German: solle"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bar",
"2": "soin",
"3": "solln"
},
"expansion": "Bavarian: soin, solln",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bavarian: soin, solln"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-cfr",
"2": "solle"
},
"expansion": "Central Franconian: solle\nHunsrik: solle\nLuxembourgish: sollen",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Central Franconian: solle\nHunsrik: solle\nLuxembourgish: sollen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "sollen"
},
"expansion": "German: sollen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: sollen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-rfr",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Rhine Franconian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Rhine Franconian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pdc",
"2": "solle"
},
"expansion": "Pennsylvania German: solle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pennsylvania German: solle"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "זאָלן"
},
"expansion": "Yiddish: זאָלן (zoln)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yiddish: זאָלן (zoln)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*skulaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *skulaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *skulaną. The change of sk to s observed in many languages is probably attributable to the word’s common appearance in unstressed position.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*skulan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/skulan",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic preterite-present verbs",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to owe, to be obliged"
],
"links": [
[
"owe",
"owe"
],
[
"oblige",
"oblige"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Elmar Seebold",
"Etymological Dictionary of the German Language",
"de:Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache"
]
}
],
"word": "skulan"
}
Download raw JSONL data for skulan meaning in Proto-West Germanic (4.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.